Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Immigrant status and period of immigration (10): Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration
• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , immigrant status and period of immigration , age and sex for the population in private households in Vancouver

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	2,426,235	1,376,170	26,150	6,375
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	2,426,235	1,376,170	26,145	6,375
0 to 14 years	361,620	256,465	1,925	1,650
0 to 4 years	115,985	81,335	650	435
5 to 9 years	122,580	88,480	675	595
10 to 14 years	123,055	86,650	595	620
15 to 64 years	1,699,760	931,435	18,865	4,170
15 to 19 years	141,565	88,645	635	620
20 to 24 years	165,755	98,790	1,170	555
25 to 29 years	178,670	104,530	1,920	705
30 to 34 years	181,355	101,950	2,245	505
35 to 39 years	166,815	88,930	2,040	440
40 to 44 years	167,070	84,345	2,150	290
45 to 49 years	182,530	90,455	2,030	270
50 to 54 years	189,705	96,940	2,220	305
55 to 59 years	175,155	94,875	2,305	220
60 to 64 years	151,130	81,980	2,145	260
65 years and over	364,850	188,270	5,365	550
65 to 69 years	129,260	70,580	1,875	165
70 to 74 years	88,415	48,020	1,335	130
75 to 79 years	64,345	30,115	990	110
80 to 84 years	44,970	20,715	575	100
85 years and over	37,870	18,835	590	50
85 to 89 years	25,750	12,720	400	35
90 to 94 years	9,755	4,980	155	0
95 to 99 years	2,065	1,020	30	0
100 years and over	300	110	0	0
Average age	40.6	38.3	46.8	31.4
Median age	40.5	37.0	47.5	27.3
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	2,064,610	1,119,705	24,225	4,725
Married or living common law	1,185,510	584,610	13,770	2,025
Married	1,026,370	465,295	9,975	1,460
Living common law	159,140	119,315	3,790	565
Not married and not living common law	879,100	535,090	10,455	2,695
Never married	618,260	389,495	6,355	2,170
Separated	48,680	27,870	730	100
Divorced	123,845	76,130	2,120	285
Widowed	88,320	41,590	1,260	145
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	2,064,615	1,119,700	24,225	4,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,978,875	1,074,665	23,800	4,405
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,821	55,074	53,852	47,364
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,575	40,068	40,225	32,003
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,981,630	1,075,785	23,845	4,405
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,512	44,617	43,851	38,689
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,391	35,347	35,601	29,134
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,780,855	998,075	21,655	4,015
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,281	54,643	53,504	47,574
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,583	38,822	39,173	30,784
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,370,125	702,850	16,100	3,200
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,169	6,614	7,662	5,456
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,467	3,081	5,273	1,444
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,487,050	857,710	18,220	3,605
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,081	51,101	52,042	42,214
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,596	37,970	40,484	30,010
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 5	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 6	90.9	92.1	90.4	91.6
Employment income (%)^Footnote 7	74.0	74.1	74.0	72.9
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 8	9.1	7.9	9.6	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	2,064,615	1,119,705	24,225	4,730
Without total income	85,735	45,035	425	325
With total income	1,978,880	1,074,670	23,800	4,400
Percentage with total income	95.8	96.0	98.2	93.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	338,730	146,110	2,700	755
$10,000 to $19,999	346,355	155,640	3,585	760
$20,000 to $29,999	248,170	122,610	2,895	575
$30,000 to $39,999	210,570	112,080	2,655	515
$40,000 to $49,999	188,140	108,690	2,375	470
$50,000 to $59,999	149,525	92,160	1,995	285
$60,000 to $69,999	115,960	74,995	1,640	205
$70,000 to $79,999	89,385	59,585	1,320	170
$80,000 to $89,999	71,040	48,065	1,215	150
$90,000 to $99,999	50,770	34,475	770	130
$100,000 and over	170,230	120,255	2,640	395
$100,000 to $149,999	109,705	75,885	1,645	260
$150,000 and over	60,525	44,370	1,000	130
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	2,064,615	1,119,700	24,225	4,730
Without after-tax income	82,990	43,920	385	325
With after-tax income	1,981,630	1,075,785	23,845	4,400
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	98.4	93.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	351,125	152,140	2,860	795
$10,000 to $19,999	362,590	163,690	3,755	775
$20,000 to $29,999	293,195	148,125	3,405	705
$30,000 to $39,999	250,180	138,395	3,285	605
$40,000 to $49,999	209,900	126,775	2,730	430
$50,000 to $59,999	152,290	97,825	2,215	290
$60,000 to $69,999	109,115	73,055	1,640	195
$70,000 to $79,999	78,900	53,505	1,290	190
$80,000 and over	174,335	122,280	2,655	415
$80,000 to $89,999	51,465	34,770	810	120
$90,000 to $99,999	32,980	22,625	410	85
$100,000 and over	89,895	64,885	1,435	210
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	2,064,610	1,119,705	24,230	4,725
Without employment income	577,560	261,995	6,010	1,115
With employment income	1,487,050	857,710	18,220	3,610
Percentage with employment income	72.0	76.6	75.2	76.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	208,675	124,570	2,750	530
$5,000 to $9,999	112,415	58,685	945	310
$10,000 to $19,999	200,130	100,000	1,910	595
$20,000 to $29,999	165,225	81,125	1,760	365
$30,000 to $39,999	154,005	80,995	1,670	375
$40,000 to $49,999	141,970	79,240	1,675	340
$50,000 to $59,999	113,580	69,115	1,555	245
$60,000 to $69,999	90,225	57,815	1,295	160
$70,000 to $79,999	72,370	47,805	960	120
$80,000 and over	228,455	158,355	3,700	565
$80,000 to $89,999	57,470	38,545	965	145
$90,000 to $99,999	41,125	27,940	635	110
$100,000 and over	129,855	91,870	2,105	315
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	2,064,615	1,119,705	24,230	4,730
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 13	637,395	391,190	8,135	1,360
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	54,955	59,610	61,429	53,371
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 15	67,916	73,587	73,592	66,474
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	2,426,235	1,376,165	26,150	6,380
English only	2,118,300	1,268,195	2,035	1,325
French only	1,045	80	525	30
English and French	171,215	106,350	23,545	5,010
Neither English nor French	135,670	1,545	45	15
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	2,426,235	1,376,165	26,150	6,375
English	1,614,180	1,298,455	16,565	4,500
French	8,345	455	7,045	155
Non-official language	620,000	24,015	465	265
Aboriginal	100	45	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	619,900	23,975	465	260
English and French	3,445	1,015	1,410	755
English and non-official language	177,585	51,595	230	315
French and non-official language	470	20	150	10
English, French and non-official language	2,215	610	285	380
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	2,426,235	1,376,165	26,150	6,380
None	1,909,600	1,287,350	14,510	4,360
English	230,755	13,525	4,120	210
French	19,670	10,660	6,305	1,185
Non-official language	258,210	63,350	810	370
Aboriginal	745	490	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	257,465	62,855	805	370
English and French	925	55	45	45
English and non-official language	4,525	315	110	10
French and non-official language	2,415	915	240	190
English, French and non-official language	120	0	10	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 19	2,426,235	1,376,170	26,150	6,380
English	2,252,230	1,376,085	2,035	4,895
French	25,575	80	24,115	175
English and French	14,360	0	0	1,310
Neither English nor French	134,070	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 20	32,755	80	24,115	830
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 21	1.4	0.0	92.2	13.0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	2,426,230	1,376,170	26,145	6,375
Official languages	2,290,565	1,374,625	26,105	6,365
English	2,289,520	1,374,545	25,580	6,335
French	172,260	106,430	24,070	5,040
Non-official languages	1,220,345	217,680	6,070	2,250
Aboriginal languages	1,605	1,025	15	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,218,825	216,710	6,060	2,250
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 23	2,426,235	1,376,170	26,150	6,380
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 24	61,455	59,070	1,120	385
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 25	59,595	57,270	1,080	380
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 26	35,770	34,630	240	150
Métis	23,425	22,285	835	225
Inuk (Inuit)	405	355	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 27	1,070	1,025	25	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 28	795	775	15	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,364,780	1,317,100	25,025	5,990
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 29	2,426,235	1,376,170	26,150	6,380
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 30	24,110	23,200	125	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,402,120	1,352,965	26,020	6,285
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 31	2,426,230	1,376,165	26,150	6,375
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	13,620	12,800	180	25
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 33	13,310	12,525	180	25
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 34	10,890	10,310	60	0
Métis single ancestry	2,265	2,100	115	15
Inuit single ancestry	145	110	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 35	310	280	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	285	270	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	61,085	58,405	1,710	505
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	58,700	56,120	1,650	480
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	38,755	37,150	915	300
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,595	18,630	730	185
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	355	340	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 38	2,385	2,285	65	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,305	2,210	60	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	25	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	30	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 39	2,351,535	1,304,960	24,260	5,850
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	2,426,235	1,376,170	26,150	6,380
Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	2,103,120	1,315,745	23,560	6,115
Canadian citizens only	1,952,315	1,260,865	21,070	5,440
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	150,800	54,875	2,490	680
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 42	323,115	60,425	2,590	260
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 43	2,426,235	1,376,170	26,150	6,375
Non-immigrants^Footnote 44	1,358,990	1,162,640	18,710	5,215
Immigrants^Footnote 45	989,540	197,470	6,355	1,055
Before 1981	209,975	75,915	1,810	225
1981 to 1990	120,730	22,760	710	135
1991 to 2000	247,835	33,400	1,150	185
2001 to 2010	268,470	42,505	1,635	380
2001 to 2005	124,885	18,575	655	150
2006 to 2010	143,585	23,920	985	230
2011 to 2016^Footnote 46	142,535	22,890	1,050	130
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 47	77,700	16,055	1,085	110
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	989,545	197,470	6,355	1,055
Under 5 years	78,020	35,340	555	280
5 to 14 years	158,290	42,555	880	290
15 to 24 years	204,755	38,500	1,290	125
25 to 44 years	424,180	69,625	3,235	300
45 years and over	124,295	11,450	390	55
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 49	989,545	197,470	6,350	1,050
Americas	65,325	32,085	390	85
Brazil	2,855	235	0	0
Colombia	3,075	140	10	0
El Salvador	4,400	270	15	0
Guyana	915	855	0	0
Haiti	265	70	105	0
Jamaica	2,230	2,155	0	0
Mexico	7,850	485	50	0
Peru	2,700	240	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,940	1,875	0	0
United States^Footnote 50	26,450	23,285	150	55
Other places of birth in Americas	12,645	2,465	55	15
Europe	170,930	67,005	3,620	265
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,925	185	0	0
Croatia	4,115	410	0	10
France	3,435	280	2,845	55
Germany	13,520	1,805	60	15
Greece	2,890	155	0	10
Hungary	3,705	250	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 51	3,830	3,770	0	0
Italy	10,395	720	30	10
Netherlands	6,295	915	10	10
Poland	10,480	630	0	10
Portugal	4,660	295	20	0
Romania	7,115	370	35	20
Russian Federation	8,465	445	15	10
Serbia^Footnote 52	3,775	165	0	0
Ukraine	5,475	315	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 53	56,525	53,980	60	55
Other places of birth in Europe	22,325	2,305	520	60
Africa	32,100	14,850	1,655	255
Algeria	425	10	220	10
Egypt	2,110	445	90	25
Ethiopia	1,665	190	0	10
Kenya	4,065	2,135	25	0
Morocco	725	20	285	30
Nigeria	1,205	775	0	10
Somalia	1,010	100	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	8,200	6,540	15	0
Other places of birth in Africa	12,690	4,640	1,020	180
Asia	697,305	72,920	635	425
Afghanistan	4,865	210	0	0
Bangladesh	1,870	265	0	0
China^Footnote 54	188,965	7,260	75	55
Hong Kong^Footnote 55	71,715	6,665	25	20
India	125,640	13,105	20	35
Iran^Footnote 56	35,250	1,775	80	45
Iraq	5,215	385	10	0
Japan	10,680	750	10	10
Korea, South^Footnote 57	36,860	2,420	0	15
Lebanon	1,860	200	125	35
Pakistan	9,225	1,685	0	0
Philippines	96,680	22,210	30	55
Sri Lanka	4,155	1,185	0	10
Syria^Footnote 58	2,315	105	15	10
Taiwan	37,425	1,990	10	10
Viet Nam	24,025	1,890	120	40
Other places of birth in Asia	40,565	10,815	100	105
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 59	23,885	10,615	55	15
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 60	142,535	22,895	1,050	130
Americas	10,095	3,895	45	10
Brazil	960	45	10	0
Colombia	460	15	0	0
Cuba	70	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0	0
Jamaica	160	150	0	0
Mexico	2,295	110	10	0
United States^Footnote 61	4,060	3,385	20	10
Venezuela^Footnote 62	220	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,850	170	15	0
Europe	13,610	5,295	770	35
France	785	25	710	10
Germany	770	80	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 63	1,210	1,200	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 64	200	10	0	0
Romania	545	30	0	0
Russian Federation	1,405	40	0	0
Ukraine	945	40	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 65	3,855	3,695	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,890	180	35	10
Africa	4,355	1,530	185	45
Algeria	60	0	15	0
Cameroon	55	35	20	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	15	35	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	0
Egypt	510	110	0	0
Eritrea	295	55	0	0
Ethiopia	250	45	0	10
Morocco	115	15	20	0
Nigeria	375	255	0	0
Somalia	350	20	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	850	540	10	0
Tunisia	70	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,300	440	85	35
Asia	112,400	10,665	55	45
Afghanistan	855	35	0	0
Bangladesh	385	55	0	0
China^Footnote 66	35,890	1,205	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 67	1,695	305	0	10
India	21,380	2,365	0	0
Iran^Footnote 68	8,315	300	0	10
Iraq	1,850	90	0	0
Israel	295	15	0	0
Japan	1,850	145	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 69	6,635	310	0	10
Lebanon	210	15	10	0
Nepal	215	15	0	0
Pakistan	1,665	295	0	0
Philippines	20,200	4,125	10	0
Saudi Arabia	335	70	0	0
Sri Lanka	455	60	0	0
Syria^Footnote 70	1,785	35	0	0
Taiwan	2,325	70	0	0
Turkey	365	30	0	0
United Arab Emirates	335	170	0	0
Viet Nam	1,510	135	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	3,840	810	0	15
Oceania and other^Footnote 71	2,075	1,510	0	0
Australia	1,135	1,065	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 72	940	445	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 73	2,426,235	1,376,165	26,150	6,375
First generation^Footnote 74	1,085,610	227,050	7,690	1,300
Second generation^Footnote 75	607,585	439,885	3,625	2,365
Third generation or more^Footnote 76	733,040	709,235	14,840	2,715
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 77	794,150	124,905	4,630	835
Economic immigrants^Footnote 78	461,955	81,000	2,840	600
Principal applicants^Footnote 79	176,950	27,795	1,690	175
Secondary applicants^Footnote 80	285,005	53,205	1,145	420
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 81	249,920	36,260	1,195	125
Refugees^Footnote 82	71,115	6,670	500	110
Other immigrants^Footnote 83	11,160	980	95	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 84	2,426,230	1,376,165	26,150	6,380
Total visible minority population^Footnote 85	1,185,685	320,420	3,410	2,070
South Asian^Footnote 86	291,005	84,705	410	330
Chinese	474,655	93,125	440	515
Black	29,830	21,155	1,105	255
Filipino	123,170	49,335	55	205
Latin American	34,800	5,410	125	55
Arab	16,435	3,175	480	95
Southeast Asian^Footnote 87	44,900	12,905	220	110
West Asian^Footnote 88	46,010	4,900	145	120
Korean	52,975	7,215	50	70
Japanese	30,110	13,870	50	75
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 89	6,485	3,730	180	70
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 90	35,290	20,910	155	175
Not a visible minority^Footnote 91	1,240,550	1,055,745	22,735	4,310
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 92	2,426,235	1,376,170	26,150	6,375
North American Aboriginal origins	74,700	71,210	1,890	535
First Nations (North American Indian)	52,310	49,995	1,045	335
Inuit	600	535	10	10
Métis	24,505	23,260	905	225
Other North American origins	353,945	328,440	8,535	1,875
Acadian	1,520	1,155	320	45
American	32,115	31,080	200	100
Canadian	331,205	306,980	8,040	1,730
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	660	650	0	10
Nova Scotian	75	75	0	0
Ontarian	35	30	0	0
Québécois	750	430	260	55
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	165	155	0	0
European origins	1,195,185	998,080	19,465	4,380
British Isles origins	763,525	749,855	3,990	2,240
Channel Islander	155	155	0	0
Cornish	250	245	0	0
English	470,345	463,215	1,580	1,165
Irish	275,355	271,030	1,835	880
Manx	770	765	0	0
Scottish	341,075	336,910	1,290	980
Welsh	44,930	44,460	100	90
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	55,700	54,415	300	195
French origins	147,840	124,030	16,560	2,600
Alsatian	115	100	10	0
Breton	45	10	25	0
Corsican	75	60	10	0
French	147,715	123,925	16,545	2,595
Western European origins (except French origins)	312,325	268,620	2,630	1,005
Austrian	21,260	17,950	115	70
Bavarian	80	60	10	0
Belgian	8,205	6,775	730	80
Dutch	77,635	67,200	330	180
Flemish	950	800	25	10
Frisian	200	140	0	0
German	222,025	192,455	1,210	655
Luxembourger	325	270	15	0
Swiss	11,340	8,905	500	100
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	450	415	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	130,100	122,190	245	425
Danish	23,020	20,705	55	105
Finnish	14,085	11,785	20	60
Icelandic	11,060	10,820	10	20
Norwegian	49,330	47,995	55	125
Swedish	40,690	38,510	95	150
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 96	5,320	5,080	15	25
Eastern European origins	256,190	193,150	1,095	780
Bulgarian	2,940	805	20	10
Byelorussian	1,825	660	0	0
Czech	11,710	7,455	50	45
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 97	2,560	2,255	15	10
Estonian	2,545	1,970	0	35
Hungarian	25,860	18,335	130	70
Latvian	2,455	1,905	10	15
Lithuanian	4,160	3,550	35	30
Moldovan	715	175	0	0
Polish	70,590	53,655	430	215
Romanian	17,485	9,525	100	60
Russian	58,540	40,980	235	175
Slovak	6,345	3,605	55	30
Ukrainian	94,400	82,370	240	275
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 98	2,235	1,875	0	10
Southern European origins	196,300	121,920	2,065	640
Albanian	1,330	355	15	0
Bosnian	2,680	675	0	0
Catalan	65	15	0	0
Croatian	15,670	8,990	45	40
Cypriot	345	255	0	0
Greek	16,085	9,950	115	90
Italian	87,875	65,120	1,175	330
Kosovar	170	70	0	0
Macedonian	865	405	0	0
Maltese	1,190	1,045	20	0
Montenegrin	595	105	0	0
Portuguese	24,575	14,550	160	50
Serbian	10,160	2,830	20	10
Sicilian	210	160	10	0
Slovenian	3,050	2,110	20	20
Spanish	43,985	20,845	645	200
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 99	3,275	2,375	25	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 100	230	135	0	0
Other European origins	18,865	13,850	225	115
Basque	470	240	0	0
Jewish	11,225	7,595	125	60
Roma (Gypsy)	325	235	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 101	510	210	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	6,465	5,660	105	50
Caribbean origins	16,395	14,890	250	120
Antiguan	135	130	0	10
Bahamian	165	160	0	0
Barbadian	1,315	1,300	0	10
Bermudan	155	140	10	0
Carib	60	60	0	0
Cuban	870	500	10	0
Dominican	540	185	0	0
Grenadian	285	275	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	0
Haitian	635	390	150	15
Jamaican	6,455	6,270	20	40
Kittitian/Nevisian	95	90	0	0
Martinican	20	0	10	0
Montserratan	20	15	0	0
Puerto Rican	280	215	0	0
St. Lucian	115	115	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	3,115	3,045	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	325	320	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 103	1,440	1,340	25	15
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	1,485	1,405	20	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	49,105	17,700	295	165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,790	650	0	10
Arawak	60	55	0	10
Argentinian	1,355	610	30	0
Belizean	35	35	0	0
Bolivian	185	60	10	0
Brazilian	4,065	1,170	25	0
Chilean	3,840	1,810	35	10
Colombian	4,595	1,065	20	15
Costa Rican	460	195	0	0
Ecuadorian	740	265	15	0
Guatemalan	1,985	645	30	0
Guyanese	1,235	1,190	0	10
Hispanic	1,205	380	0	20
Honduran	1,120	405	0	0
Maya	620	165	10	0
Mexican	15,115	5,410	85	65
Nicaraguan	1,060	455	15	0
Panamanian	195	140	0	0
Paraguayan	280	210	0	0
Peruvian	3,100	1,015	15	10
Salvadorean	5,310	1,625	25	10
Uruguayan	285	110	0	0
Venezuelan	1,555	440	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	2,445	925	0	10
African origins	40,670	25,880	1,915	410
Central and West African origins	4,965	3,130	525	60
Akan	30	20	0	0
Angolan	55	15	10	0
Ashanti	65	40	0	0
Beninese	25	10	10	10
Burkinabe	20	20	0	0
Cameroonian	85	45	30	0
Chadian	10	10	0	0
Congolese	675	140	310	25
Edo	60	40	0	0
Ewe	55	25	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	0
Gambian	25	25	0	0
Ghanaian	1,270	885	10	10
Guinean	120	45	25	0
Ibo	205	155	0	0
Ivorian	45	15	20	0
Liberian	205	185	0	0
Malian	20	0	15	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,680	1,320	10	15
Peulh	25	10	0	0
Senegalese	50	10	20	10
Sierra Leonean	90	65	0	0
Togolese	80	20	30	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	130	115	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	400	225	85	0
North African origins	7,330	2,795	805	145
Algerian	610	150	250	45
Berber	185	25	40	15
Coptic	120	60	0	0
Dinka	20	0	0	0
Egyptian	3,405	1,465	110	20
Libyan	210	45	0	0
Maure	105	40	0	0
Moroccan	1,480	560	300	55
Sudanese	940	415	0	0
Tunisian	380	85	60	15
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 107	165	40	50	10
Southern and East African origins	17,295	10,750	480	160
Afrikaner	365	235	0	0
Amhara	110	25	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 108	235	35	80	20
Burundian	195	30	60	20
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	950	370	0	0
Ethiopian	2,020	730	10	15
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,170	795	0	0
Malagasy	80	40	10	10
Mauritian	760	385	200	55
Oromo	120	15	0	0
Rwandan	305	100	65	10
Seychellois	15	15	0	0
Somali	2,110	740	0	0
South African	6,480	5,575	25	30
Tanzanian	425	275	0	0
Tigrian	185	55	0	0
Ugandan	590	415	10	0
Zambian	120	75	0	0
Zimbabwean	560	440	0	0
Zulu	60	60	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 109	1,390	945	20	10
Other African origins	11,690	9,510	220	80
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 110	1,460	1,255	25	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	10,320	8,305	220	70
Asian origins	1,128,155	299,495	2,305	1,820
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	86,090	20,110	810	335
Afghan	7,500	1,340	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 112	4,655	1,170	130	30
Armenian	2,845	1,065	80	25
Assyrian	450	95	0	0
Azerbaijani	885	95	0	0
Georgian	550	280	10	0
Hazara	55	0	0	0
Iranian	44,350	7,205	175	125
Iraqi	5,200	1,085	15	0
Israeli	2,070	1,115	45	20
Jordanian	585	235	0	0
Kazakh	275	10	0	0
Kurd	1,980	340	0	25
Kuwaiti	100	65	0	0
Kyrgyz	155	20	0	10
Lebanese	5,320	3,000	285	75
Palestinian	2,245	785	30	0
Pashtun	325	50	0	0
Saudi Arabian	545	110	0	10
Syrian	2,780	845	60	25
Tajik	235	50	0	0
Tatar	650	70	0	10
Turk	5,190	1,730	70	25
Turkmen	70	15	0	0
Uighur	95	0	0	0
Uzbek	245	35	0	0
Yemeni	255	80	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	2,135	770	20	15
South Asian origins	287,900	85,480	535	420
Bangladeshi	1,510	305	0	10
Bengali	755	205	0	0
Bhutanese	100	15	0	0
East Indian	243,135	72,645	470	345
Goan	315	300	0	0
Gujarati	615	240	0	0
Kashmiri	145	40	0	0
Nepali	1,155	340	0	0
Pakistani	10,825	3,775	25	10
Punjabi	30,675	5,810	10	30
Sinhalese	525	240	0	0
Sri Lankan	5,070	2,395	20	25
Tamil	1,055	385	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	7,200	2,395	20	15
East and Southeast Asian origins	759,850	198,435	1,015	1,075
Burmese	1,970	590	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,510	960	30	10
Chinese	499,175	112,080	585	660
Filipino	133,925	56,665	75	240
Hmong	115	30	0	0
Indonesian	4,930	2,390	10	0
Japanese	37,630	19,120	55	110
Karen	890	80	0	10
Korean	55,505	8,580	65	55
Laotian	1,770	875	10	0
Malaysian	4,230	2,605	10	10
Mongolian	1,005	380	15	10
Singaporean	895	740	10	0
Taiwanese	20,340	2,760	0	20
Thai	3,330	1,240	25	0
Tibetan	450	140	0	0
Vietnamese	34,915	10,090	210	105
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	630	295	10	0
Other Asian origins	1,800	805	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 116	1,800	805	0	10
Oceania origins	26,820	19,990	60	60
Australian	8,355	8,180	0	35
New Zealander	3,340	3,280	0	15
Pacific Islands origins	15,550	8,945	55	20
Fijian	13,085	6,810	30	0
Hawaiian	865	830	0	0
Maori	565	540	0	10
Samoan	250	205	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 117	345	290	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 118	680	450	20	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 119	2,064,615	1,119,700	24,225	4,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	287,140	132,710	2,540	665
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 120	589,940	339,010	5,295	1,285
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,187,535	647,985	16,395	2,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	133,015	85,880	2,090	275
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	61,205	36,400	1,000	125
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 122	71,810	49,485	1,085	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	345,280	213,660	4,990	815
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	77,845	37,150	1,010	140
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	631,385	311,285	8,305	1,550
Bachelor's degree	415,805	205,480	4,125	990
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	44,855	24,245	855	135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,135	8,170	190	50
Master's degree	129,655	62,120	2,560	325
Earned doctorate^Footnote 123	22,935	11,280	565	50
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 124	2,064,610	1,119,705	24,225	4,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 125	877,080	471,720	7,835	1,950
Education	69,880	45,220	1,250	165
13. Education	69,875	45,220	1,250	165
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	67,205	43,970	1,085	300
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	11,495	8,525	240	25
50. Visual and performing arts	55,715	35,445	845	275
Humanities	79,940	41,400	1,310	230
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,125	2,850	320	30
23. English language and literature/letters	22,630	13,595	210	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,845	11,050	285	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 126	345	265	15	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,015	2,665	70	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,345	3,485	40	10
54. History	9,340	6,350	155	30
55. French language and literature/letters	2,300	1,145	225	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	155,565	91,800	2,080	495
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,610	1,390	55	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	16,575	9,875	335	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	19,090	10,315	210	40
22. Legal professions and studies	24,595	16,295	335	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 127	2,635	1,800	60	25
42. Psychology	26,780	17,980	375	75
45. Social sciences	63,280	34,145	710	220
Business, management and public administration	260,395	131,335	3,430	465
30.16 Accounting and computer science	420	240	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,235	7,100	190	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	249,745	123,995	3,245	435
Physical and life sciences and technologies	55,945	27,220	835	130
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	22,715	12,475	360	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	13,390	6,015	135	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 128	635	250	15	0
40. Physical sciences	17,610	7,635	310	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,600	850	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	56,695	23,845	765	95
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	44,915	18,720	625	80
25. Library science	3,210	2,260	30	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,975	2,600	100	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 129	590	265	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	211,910	110,035	2,740	370
04. Architecture and related services	11,380	5,370	170	15
14. Engineering	74,080	21,790	885	115
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	33,825	19,655	450	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	25	0	0
46. Construction trades	39,190	28,240	640	65
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	35,810	22,865	380	60
48. Precision production	17,580	12,085	210	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,890	9,240	250	50
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,385	4,995	140	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	6,505	4,245	105	25
Health and related fields	159,905	91,345	1,640	360
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	12,700	9,255	180	55
51. Health professions and related programs	141,905	79,440	1,405	290
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,300	2,650	60	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	52,975	32,455	1,000	110
12. Personal and culinary services	36,770	21,220	665	55
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	50	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	265	120	10	10
43. Security and protective services	5,915	4,425	150	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,940	6,640	180	35
Other	225	125	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	225	125	10	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 130	2,064,615	1,119,705	24,225	4,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	877,080	471,720	7,830	1,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 131	1,187,530	647,985	16,395	2,775
Location of study inside Canada	808,030	559,255	12,425	2,390
Same as province or territory of residence	651,950	445,395	5,480	1,525
Different than province or territory of residence	156,075	113,865	6,950	870
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 132	379,505	88,730	3,970	385
United States^Footnote 133	42,490	26,555	425	80
Philippines	48,070	9,055	15	10
India	35,220	4,830	0	15
United Kingdom^Footnote 134	33,175	25,120	225	65
China^Footnote 135	58,575	995	20	0
France	3,355	270	2,240	35
Other	158,615	21,900	1,035	185
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	2,064,615	1,119,700	24,225	4,725
In the labour force	1,355,520	776,750	16,560	3,265
Employed	1,276,900	734,910	15,555	3,045
Unemployed	78,620	41,840	1,005	215
Not in the labour force	709,090	342,955	7,670	1,460
Participation rate	65.7	69.4	68.4	69.1
Employment rate	61.8	65.6	64.2	64.4
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.4	6.1	6.6
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 137	2,064,615	1,119,705	24,225	4,725
Did not work^Footnote 138	665,510	310,955	7,190	1,315
Worked	1,399,100	808,750	17,035	3,415
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 139	657,640	402,470	8,390	1,400
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 140	741,460	406,280	8,645	2,015
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	42.9	40.3
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	1,449,815	833,875	17,535	3,555
a.Management	165,070	99,200	2,330	335
00 Senior management occupations	18,760	12,425	305	45
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	58,225	36,645	930	155
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	56,235	31,080	700	90
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	31,845	19,050	390	45
b.Professional	290,870	176,850	4,505	855
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	60,130	34,215	650	140
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	67,230	33,390	1,085	175
30 Professional occupations in nursing	22,840	14,175	155	60
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	22,650	13,395	315	80
40 Professional occupations in education services	52,915	36,035	1,255	185
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	40,905	28,645	565	135
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	24,210	17,000	480	90
c.Technical and paraprofessional	149,670	94,460	2,295	435
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	40,190	23,860	630	70
32 Technical occupations in health	23,435	12,475	215	45
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	31,490	18,195	355	95
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	8,660	7,115	245	20
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45,895	32,815	845	200
d.Administration and administrative support	181,735	111,470	1,890	410
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	73,500	46,590	1,060	175
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	16,840	9,995	135	35
14 Office support occupations	67,170	39,890	430	165
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	24,235	14,990	260	40
e.Sales	154,495	86,815	1,265	385
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	39,690	22,010	405	90
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	73,000	42,730	630	195
66 Sales support occupations	41,810	22,080	225	100
f.Personal and customer information services	265,715	129,825	2,860	770
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	20,405	8,455	130	45
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	28,265	14,975	285	75
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	51,180	21,735	610	135
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	85,715	46,870	1,210	385
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	80,150	37,790	630	135
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	94,545	60,060	1,185	175
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	66,500	41,520	945	145
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	28,045	18,540	235	35
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	84,630	47,040	755	125
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	25,765	15,850	190	35
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	42,015	20,835	375	65
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	16,845	10,360	190	20
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	20,955	11,665	170	45
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	4,005	2,520	35	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	5,670	2,190	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	11,285	6,955	125	35
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	42,130	16,490	290	20
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	4,850	2,750	45	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	13,495	5,175	80	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	8,060	3,190	60	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	15,725	5,365	105	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	1,449,815	833,875	17,535	3,555
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,580	6,425	95	20
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 143	11,850	4,320	60	15
113 Forestry and logging	815	585	10	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	1,560	730	10	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	1,350	795	20	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,930	3,305	90	20
211 Oil and gas extraction	1,140	755	15	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	1,540	1,030	35	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	2,250	1,525	40	10
22 Utilities	7,125	4,535	70	0
221 Utilities	7,125	4,535	70	0
23 Construction	105,670	65,185	1,350	185
236 Construction of buildings	33,325	19,745	450	60
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	7,280	4,980	100	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	65,070	40,460	795	120
31-33 Manufacturing	90,215	44,010	885	140
311 Food manufacturing	17,400	5,955	125	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	2,280	1,695	20	15
313 Textile mills	300	120	0	0
314 Textile product mills	875	385	10	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	2,780	645	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	140	70	10	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	5,670	3,030	80	0
322 Paper manufacturing	2,615	1,655	30	0
323 Printing and related support activities	4,535	2,550	55	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	425	275	10	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	4,520	2,310	35	30
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	3,625	1,620	20	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	3,615	2,060	35	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	2,260	1,445	15	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	7,980	4,860	80	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	5,960	3,280	50	15
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	5,685	2,450	75	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	2,655	1,240	35	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	5,185	3,195	110	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	5,480	2,105	30	15
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	6,230	3,075	55	15
41 Wholesale trade	59,135	34,230	600	85
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	825	485	10	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	260	190	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	13,115	6,100	90	15
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	9,050	5,105	145	20
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	2,995	2,060	35	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	10,105	6,600	90	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	12,195	8,315	105	35
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	6,815	3,785	75	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	3,770	1,580	50	0
44-45 Retail trade	165,625	92,835	1,425	405
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	15,190	9,640	100	40
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	7,265	3,900	125	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	7,870	4,280	85	15
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	8,515	5,690	80	15
445 Food and beverage stores	39,550	21,025	215	105
446 Health and personal care stores	18,315	8,900	95	35
447 Gasoline stations	3,095	1,440	15	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	26,140	14,445	320	90
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	8,030	5,755	100	35
452 General merchandise stores	14,710	8,050	100	25
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	9,915	6,075	95	10
454 Non-store retailers	7,040	3,635	105	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	79,465	43,205	1,055	160
481 Air transportation	8,400	5,110	355	75
482 Rail transportation	1,900	1,415	75	0
483 Water transportation	2,995	2,220	45	0
484 Truck transportation	17,255	7,470	150	15
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	13,130	6,430	105	20
486 Pipeline transportation	130	100	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	565	415	15	0
488 Support activities for transportation	16,590	9,830	165	20
491 Postal service	5,300	3,275	70	0
492 Couriers and messengers	6,300	2,920	50	10
493 Warehousing and storage	6,900	4,015	25	20
51 Information and cultural industries	53,900	36,135	1,060	190
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	10,390	6,210	205	35
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	21,025	16,170	525	105
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	2,510	1,630	105	0
517 Telecommunications	13,800	8,070	150	20
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	1,715	930	30	10
519 Other information services	4,460	3,120	45	20
52 Finance and insurance	69,165	38,235	690	175
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	29,660	15,040	225	90
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	14,450	8,230	130	45
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	24,755	14,795	335	35
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	295	160	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	38,645	20,440	330	45
531 Real estate	34,570	17,740	290	45
532 Rental and leasing services	3,920	2,605	25	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	150	100	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	143,255	84,520	1,985	355
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	143,250	84,525	1,990	355
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,360	2,275	45	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	3,355	2,280	50	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	67,665	36,890	825	160
561 Administrative and support services	64,480	34,615	820	160
562 Waste management and remediation services	3,190	2,275	0	10
61 Educational services	109,900	71,450	2,120	395
611 Educational services	109,895	71,455	2,115	395
62 Health care and social assistance	147,565	83,715	1,465	375
621 Ambulatory health care services	57,585	33,890	525	120
622 Hospitals	42,140	25,355	415	120
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	19,270	8,695	160	50
624 Social assistance	28,575	15,775	360	85
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	36,855	26,225	465	155
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	14,490	11,215	220	75
712 Heritage institutions	1,730	1,305	25	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	20,640	13,705	225	75
72 Accommodation and food services	126,015	62,105	1,200	330
721 Accommodation services	14,510	6,305	160	35
722 Food services and drinking places	111,505	55,795	1,040	300
81 Other services (except public administration)	67,160	36,080	725	165
811 Repair and maintenance	16,090	8,950	160	20
812 Personal and laundry services	23,385	11,320	230	65
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	18,860	12,775	275	60
814 Private households	8,825	3,040	65	20
91 Public administration	58,590	42,075	1,055	175
911 Federal government public administration	23,520	15,275	700	70
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	10,060	7,105	95	60
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	24,120	19,165	245	40
914 Aboriginal public administration	470	400	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	415	125	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	1,276,900	734,910	15,550	3,050
Worked at home	104,870	61,895	1,550	220
Worked outside Canada	12,825	3,445	90	15
No fixed workplace address	169,320	96,595	2,160	415
Worked at usual place	989,890	572,975	11,755	2,395
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	1,449,820	833,875	17,530	3,550
English	1,330,560	825,560	15,060	3,220
French	3,245	1,115	1,520	75
Non-official language	74,865	1,825	25	10
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	74,860	1,815	30	0
English and French	2,780	885	830	210
English and non-official language	37,985	4,420	40	20
French and non-official language	40	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	350	70	50	20
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 146	1,449,815	833,880	17,535	3,550
None	1,311,370	814,810	12,615	3,050
English	30,725	1,735	1,095	50
French	11,780	6,040	3,550	340
Non-official language	93,465	10,710	155	80
Aboriginal	115	105	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	93,350	10,610	155	75
English and French	35	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,115	25	20	10
French and non-official language	1,315	555	95	35
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	989,890	572,975	11,750	2,395
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	436,410	250,605	5,535	1,155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	534,525	309,755	6,000	1,170
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,895	10,345	125	40
Commute to a different province or territory	4,055	2,270	90	30
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	1,159,215	669,570	13,910	2,810
Car, truck, van - as a driver	745,820	441,680	7,845	1,405
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	58,035	28,475	495	95
Public transit	235,985	121,265	3,080	785
Walked	77,825	48,640	1,375	310
Bicycle	27,240	20,750	850	145
Other method	14,305	8,765	280	75
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	1,159,210	669,570	13,915	2,810
Less than 15 minutes	207,755	131,630	2,400	485
15 to 29 minutes	375,370	218,605	4,745	1,005
30 to 44 minutes	306,130	167,715	3,525	695
45 to 59 minutes	139,550	79,590	1,650	300
60 minutes and over	130,405	72,030	1,590	330
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	1,159,210	669,570	13,910	2,810
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	75,910	47,225	950	120
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	182,840	113,570	2,275	360
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	282,190	175,705	3,975	730
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	260,325	146,765	3,405	600
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	183,645	89,120	1,755	425
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	174,305	97,185	1,550	575
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	2,403,020	1,359,755	25,995	6,235
Non-movers	2,024,070	1,160,400	21,100	5,030
Movers	378,940	199,360	4,900	1,205
Non-migrants	207,285	113,950	2,240	610
Migrants	171,660	85,405	2,655	590
Internal migrants	117,565	72,855	1,920	490
Intraprovincial migrants	93,805	58,780	945	305
Interprovincial migrants	23,755	14,070	975	180
External migrants	54,095	12,555	730	100
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 151	2,310,245	1,294,835	25,500	5,940
Non-movers	1,298,680	759,470	13,025	3,030
Movers	1,011,570	535,370	12,475	2,910
Non-migrants	516,525	293,050	5,415	1,535
Migrants	495,040	242,315	7,060	1,375
Internal migrants	309,040	202,480	5,270	1,070
Intraprovincial migrants	246,845	161,865	2,630	635
Interprovincial migrants	62,190	40,615	2,640	435
External migrants	186,000	39,835	1,785	305

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents and immigrants who landed between 2015 and 2016 are included in the 'Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration.' The categories for 'Non-permanent residents' and period of immigration '2015 to 2016' are not presented elsewhere in this table with income as they may not have a complete year of applicable income. The income data for the 2016 Census of Population are for the year 2015.

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit, or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 2

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 3

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 4

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 5

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 22

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 23

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 25

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 26

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 28

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 29

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 30

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 31

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 39

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 40

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 42

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 43

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 45

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 47

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 48

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 50

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 51

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 52

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 53

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 54

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 55

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 56

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 57

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 58

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 59

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 60

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 61

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 62

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 63

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 64

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 65

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 66

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 67

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 68

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 69

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 70

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 71

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 73

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 74

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 75

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 76

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 77

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 78

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 79

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 82

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 83

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 84

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 85

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 86

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 88

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 89

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 90

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 91

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 92

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 96

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 97

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 98

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 99

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 100

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 101

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 103

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 117

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 119

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 120

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 121

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 122

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 123

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 124

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 125

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 127

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 128

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 129

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 130

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 131

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 132

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 133

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 134

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 135

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 136

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 137

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 140

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 141

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 142

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 143

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 144

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 145

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 147

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 148

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 151

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Vancouver

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.7%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016353.